He mau mea hoʻohiwahiwa nā Magnets i hopu i ka noʻonoʻo kanaka no nā kenekulia.Mai ka poʻe Helene kahiko a hiki i ka poʻe ʻepekema hou, ua hoihoi ka poʻe i ke ʻano o ka hana magnets a me kā lākou mau noi.ʻO nā magnet paʻa ke ʻano o ka magnet e paʻa ana i kāna mau mea hoʻokalakupua inā ʻaʻole ia ma ke alo o kahi kahua magnetic waho.
Mahele 1: He aha ka Magnetism?
ʻO ka Magnetism e pili ana i ka waiwai kino o kekahi mau mea e hiki ai iā lākou ke huki a hoʻokuʻu paha i nā mea ʻē aʻe me kahi māla magnetic.Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia mau mea he magnetic a loaʻa paha nā waiwai magnetic.
Hōʻike ʻia nā mea magnetic e ka hiki ʻana mai o nā kāʻei magnetic, ʻo ia nā ʻāpana microscopic kahi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai nā māla magnetic o kēlā me kēia atom.Ke hoʻopili pono ʻia kēia mau kikowaena, hana lākou i kahi māla magnetic macroscopic hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma waho o ka mea.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea magnetic i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ferromagnetic a me paramagnetic.ʻO nā mea ferromagnetic ikaika loa, a me ka hao, nickel, a me ka cobalt.Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa i kā lākou mau waiwai magnetic inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi māla magnetic waho.ʻO nā mea Paramagnetic, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, nāwaliwali nāwaliwali a loaʻa nā mea e like me ka alumini a me ka platinum.Hōʻike wale lākou i nā waiwai magnetic ke kau ʻia i kahi kahua magnetic waho.
He nui nā noi kūpono o Magnetism i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā, e komo pū me nā kaʻa uila, nā mea hana, a me nā mea hoʻololi.Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā mea magneti i nā mea mālama ʻikepili e like me ka paʻakikī, a me nā ʻenehana kiʻi lapaʻau e like me ka magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Mahele 2: Mākēneki Field
ʻO nā māla magnetic kahi ʻano kumu o ka magnetism a wehewehe i ka wahi e hoʻopuni ana i kahi magnet a i ʻole kahi uwea e lawe nei i kēia manawa kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka ikaika magnetic.ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kēia mau māla, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia ko lākou hopena ma o ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea magnetic a i ʻole ka pilina ma waena o nā māla magnetic a me ka uila.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā māla magnetic e ka neʻe ʻana o nā uku uila, e like me ke kahe ʻana o nā electrons i kahi uwea a i ʻole ka wili ʻana o nā electrons i kahi atom.Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kuhikuhi a me ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic e ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka neʻe ʻana o kēia mau uku.No ka laʻana, i loko o ka pahu magnet, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka mākēneki ma nā pou a nāwaliwali loa ma ke kikowaena, a ʻo ke kuhikuhi o ke kahua mai ka pole ʻākau a i ka pole hema.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ikaika o kahi māhina ma nā ʻāpana o ka tesla (T) a i ʻole gauss (G), a hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ke kuhikuhi o ke kahua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lula lima ʻākau, e ʻōlelo ana inā kuhikuhi ka manamana nui o ka lima ʻākau i loko. ke kuhikuhi o ke au, a laila e wili nā manamana lima ma ke ala o ke kahua mākēneki.
He nui nā mea hoʻohana pono i nā māla magnetic, e like me nā mīkini a me nā mea hana, nā mīkini magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a me nā mea mālama ʻikepili e like me ka hard drive.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā ʻano noiʻi ʻepekema a me ka ʻenekinia, e like me nā mea wikiwiki a me nā kaʻa levitation magnetic.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻano a me nā waiwai o nā māla magnetic he mea nui ia no nā ʻano haʻawina he nui, me ka electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, a me ka ʻepekema waiwai.
Mahele 3: Hoʻohui ʻia o nā Mākēneki Mau
ʻO kahi magnet paʻa, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he "mea magnetic mau loa" a i ʻole "mea magnet paʻa mau," i haku ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea ferromagnetic a i ʻole ferrimagnetic.Ua koho ʻia kēia mau mea no ko lākou hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i kahi māla magnetic, e ʻae iā lākou e hana i kahi hopena magnetic mau i ka manawa.
ʻO nā mea ferromagnetic maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā magnet mau loa he hao, nickel, a me cobalt, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kā lākou mau waiwai magnetic.ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo nā neodymium magnets he ʻano o ka mea hoʻokalakupua honua i haku ʻia me ka neodymium, ka hao, a me ka boron, aʻo nā magnet samarium cobalt i haku ʻia me ka samarium, cobalt, hao, a me ke keleawe.
Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka haku mele ʻana o nā magnet mau loa e nā mea e like me ka mahana e hoʻohana ʻia ai lākou, ka ikaika i makemake ʻia a me ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ke kahua magnetic, a me ka noi i manaʻo ʻia.No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia kekahi mau magnet e kū i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i kahi māla magnetic ikaika i kahi kuhikuhi kikoʻī.
Ma waho aʻe o kā lākou mau mea magnetic mua, hiki i nā magnet mau loa ke hoʻokomo i nā uhi a i ʻole nā papa pale e pale ai i ka corrosion a i ʻole ka pōʻino, a me ka hana ʻana a me ka mīkini e hana i nā ʻano kikoʻī a me nā nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi like ʻole.
Mahele 4: Nā ʻano o nā mākēneki mau
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā magnet paʻa i kekahi mau ʻano e pili ana i kā lākou haku mele ʻana, nā waiwai magnetic, a me ke kaʻina hana.Eia kekahi mau ʻano maʻamau o nā magnet mau loa:
1. Neodymium magnets: ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻokalakupua honua i haku ʻia me ka neodymium, ka hao, a me ka boron, a ʻo ia ke ʻano ikaika loa o nā magnet mau loa i loaʻa.Loaʻa iā lākou ka ikehu magnetic kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano noi like ʻole, me nā kaʻa, nā mea hana, a me nā mea lapaʻau.
2. Samarium cobalt magnets: ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻokalakupua honua i haku ʻia me ka samarium, ka cobalt, ka hao, a me ke keleawe, a ua ʻike ʻia no ko lākou kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā noi e like me ka aerospace a me ka pale, a me nā mīkini hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hana.
3.Ferrite magnets: ʻIke ʻia hoʻi he mau mea hoʻokalakupua seramika, ua haku ʻia nā magnet ferrite me kahi mea ceramic i hui pū ʻia me ka hao oxide.He haʻahaʻa ko lākou ikehu magnetic ma mua o nā mea hoʻokalakupua honua, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā noi e like me nā mea haʻiʻōlelo, nā kaʻa, a me nā magnet pahu hau.
4.Alnico magnets: Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau magnet me ka aluminika, nickel, a me ka cobalt, a ua ʻike ʻia no ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻa wela.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i nā noi ʻoihana e like me nā sensor, mika, a me nā kaʻa uila.
5.Bonded magnets: Hana ʻia kēia mau magnet ma ka hui ʻana i ka pauka magnetic me kahi mea hoʻopili, a hiki ke hana ʻia i nā ʻano paʻakikī a me nā nui.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i nā noi e like me nā sensor, nā ʻāpana automotive, a me nā mea lapaʻau.
ʻO ke koho ʻana o ke ʻano magnet paʻa e pili ana i nā koi noi kikoʻī, me ka ikaika magnetic e koi ʻia, ka paʻa wela, ke kumu kūʻai, a me nā kaohi hana.
Mahele 5: Pehea e hana ai nā Magnets?
Ke hana nei nā mākēneki ma ka hana ʻana i kahi mākēneki e launa pū me nā mea magnetic ʻē aʻe a i ʻole me nā au uila.Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kahua magnetic e ka hoʻolikelike ʻana o nā manawa magnetic i loko o ka mea, ʻo ia nā pole microscopic ʻākau a me ka hema e hoʻoulu ai i ka mana magnetic.
I loko o kahi mākēneki mau, e like me ka bar magnet, ua hoʻolikelike ʻia nā manawa magnetic i kahi kuhikuhi kikoʻī, no laila ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic ma nā pou a nāwaliwali loa i ke kikowaena.Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi kokoke i kahi mea magnetic, hoʻoikaika ka māla magnetic i ka mea, e huki a hoʻihoʻi paha iā ia ma muli o ke ʻano o nā manawa magnetic.
I loko o kahi electromagnet, ua hana ʻia ke kahua magnetic e kahi au uila e kahe ana ma o ka wili uea.Hoʻokumu ke au uila i kahi mākēneki e kū pololei ana i ke kuhikuhi o ke kahe o kēia manawa, a hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ka ikaika o ka mākēneki ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o ke kahe e kahe ana ma ka coil.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā electromagnets i nā noi e like me nā kaʻa, nā mea ʻōlelo, a me nā mea hana.
ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā māla magnetic a me nā au uila ke kumu no nā noi ʻenehana he nui, me nā mea hana, nā mea hoʻololi, a me nā kaʻa uila.I loko o kahi mīkini hana, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o kahi magnet ma kahi kokoke i kahi wili o ka uea e hoʻoulu i kahi au uila i ka uea, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka mana uila.I loko o kahi kaʻa uila, ʻo ka pilina ma waena o ke kahua magnetic o ka motika a me ke ʻano e kahe ana ma o ka wili o ka uea e hana i kahi torque e hoʻohuli i ka ʻōwili ʻana o ke kaʻa.
Wahi a kēia hiʻohiʻona, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻolālā i kahi hoʻonohonoho pole magnetic kūikawā no ka splicing e hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka māla magnetic i kahi wahi kūikawā i ka wā o ka hana, e like me Halbeck
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-24-2023