He aha ka Magnet?
ʻO ka magnet kahi mea e hoʻoikaika ikaika ai iā ia me ka pili kino ʻole me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ikaika he magnetism. Hiki ke huki a hoʻokuke paha ka ikaika magnetic. Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā mea i ʻike ʻia he mana magnetic, akā liʻiliʻi loa ka ikaika o kēia mau mea. No kekahi mau mea, nui loa ka mana magnetic, no laila ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he magnets. ʻO ka honua ponoʻī he magnet nui.
ʻElua mau kiko ma nā magnet a pau kahi i ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka magnetic. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou ʻo nā pou. Ma luna o ka pahu pahu hoʻopaʻa ʻehā, ua kū pololei nā pou i kekahi i kekahi. Ua kapa ʻia lākou ʻo ka Pole ʻĀkau a i ʻole ka ʻimi ʻĀkau, a ʻo ka Pole Hema a i ʻole ka ʻimi hema.
Hiki ke hana wale ʻia kahi magnet ma o ka lawe ʻana i kahi magnet e kū nei a hamo i kahi ʻāpana metala. Pono e hamo mau ʻia kēia ʻāpana metala i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao. Hoʻomaka kēia i nā electrons i kēlā ʻāpana metala e wili i ka ʻaoʻao like. Hiki i ke au uila ke hana i nā magnet. No ka mea, he kahe o nā electrons ka uila, i ka wā e neʻe ai nā electrons mobile i kahi uwea, lawe pū lākou me lākou i ka hopena like me nā electrons e wili ana a puni ka nucleus atomic. Kapa ʻia kēia he electromagnet.
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻana o kā lākou electrons, ʻo nā metala nickel, cobalt, hao, a me ke kila e hana maikaʻi loa. Hiki i kēia mau metala ke hoʻomau i nā magnet no ka wā e lilo ai lākou i mau magnet. Pela i lawe ai i ka inoa hard magnets. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia mau metala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ke hana e like me nā magnet no kekahi manawa inā ua ʻike ʻia a kokoke paha i kahi magnet paʻakikī. A laila lawe lākou i ka inoa soft magnets.
Pehea e hana ai ka Magnetism
Hana ʻia ka Magnetism i ka wā e neʻe ai nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia nā electrons ma kekahi ʻano. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea a pau i nā ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ʻātoma, a ʻo ia hoʻi he mau electron a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia nā neutrons a me nā protons. ʻO kēia mau electrons e hoʻololi a puni ka nucleus, aia nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ikaika magnetic liʻiliʻi ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o kēia mau electrons. I kekahi mau hihia, he nui nā electron i loko o ka mea e huli ai i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka hopena o kēia mau mana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi mai nā electrons he magnet nui.
Hoʻomākaukau i ka pauda
Hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o ka hao, boron, a me neodymium e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o kahi moena a i ʻole i loko o kahi umu hoʻoheheʻe induction me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kinoea inert. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka vacuum no ka pale ʻana i nā hopena kemika ma waena o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me ka ea. I ka wā i maʻalili ai ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ua haki ʻia a paʻi ʻia e hana i nā ʻāpana metala liʻiliʻi. Ma hope iho, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a ʻoki ʻia i loko o kahi pauda maikaʻi mai 3 a 7 microns ke anawaena. ʻO ka pauka i hana hou ʻia he mea hoʻoikaika nui a hiki iā ia ke hoʻāla i ka ea a pono e mālama ʻia mai ka ʻike ʻana i ka oxygen.
Isostatic Compaction
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopili isostatic i kapa ʻia ʻo kaomi. Lawe ʻia ka metala pauka a hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o kahi mole. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻōpala he make. I mea e pili ai ka mea pauda me nā ʻāpana pauda, hoʻohana ʻia ka mana magnetic, a i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka mana magnetic, hoʻohana ʻia nā hipa hydraulic e hoʻoomi piha iā ia i loko o 0.125 iniha (0.32 cm) o kāna i hoʻolālā ʻia. mānoanoa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe mai 10,000 psi a i 15,000 psi (70 MPa a i 100 MPa). Hana ʻia nā hoʻolālā a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ma ka waiho ʻana i nā mea i loko o kahi pahu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka ea ma mua o ke kaomi ʻana iā lākou i ke ʻano i makemake ʻia e ke kaomi kinoea.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i lawe ʻia no ka laʻana, ka lāʻau, ka wai, a me ka ea he mau waiwai magnetic a nāwaliwali loa. Hoʻokomo ikaika nā mākēneki i nā mea metala kahiko. Hoʻokomo a hoʻokuʻu paha lākou i nā magnet paʻakikī ʻē aʻe ke hoʻokokoke ʻia lākou. ʻO kēia hopena no ka mea ʻelua mau pou kūʻē i kēlā me kēia magnet. Hoʻokomo nā pole hema i nā pole ʻākau o nā mākēneki ʻē aʻe, akā hoʻihoʻi lākou i nā pole hema ʻē aʻe a me ka hope.
Nā Mākēneki Hana Hana
ʻO ke ala maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā magnets i kapa ʻia ʻo powder metallurgy. No ka mea he ʻokoʻa nā mea magnets, ʻokoʻa a ʻokoʻa nā kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana iā lākou iho. No ka laʻana, hana ʻia nā electromagnets me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hoʻolei metala, ʻoiai ua hana ʻia nā magnet paʻa paʻa i nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka extrusion plastic kahi i hui ʻia ai nā mea maka i ka wela ma mua o ka hoʻokau ʻia ʻana ma o ka wehe ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. Aia ma lalo ke kaʻina hana o ka hana magnet.
Pono e kūkākūkā ʻia nā mea koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi o ke koho ʻana i nā magnet me nā hui ʻenehana a me nā hui hana. ʻO ke kaʻina hana magnetizing i nā kaʻina hana o nā magnet, a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea he ʻāpana o ka metala paʻa. ʻOiai ua hoʻokau ʻia ma luna o ka mana magnetic i ka wā o ke kaomi ʻana i ka isostatic, ʻaʻole i lawe mai ka ikaika i kahi hopena magnetic i ka mea, ua laina wale ia i nā ʻāpana pauka wehe. Lawe ʻia ka ʻāpana ma waena o nā pou o kahi electromagnet ikaika a ma hope e kuhikuhi ʻia i ke kuhikuhi i manaʻo ʻia no ka magnetization. Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka electromagnet, hoʻohālikelike ka mana magnetic i nā kāʻei magnetic i loko o ka mea, e hoʻolilo i ka ʻāpana i mea ikaika loa.
ʻO ka wela o ka mea
Ma hope o ke kaʻina hana o ka isostatic compaction e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka slug o ka metala pauka mai ka make a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka umu. ʻO ka Sintering ke kaʻina hana a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka wela i nā metala pauka paʻa i mea e hoʻololi ai iā lākou i ʻāpana metala paʻa ma hope.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana sintering he ʻekolu pae. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana mua, ua wela ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mahana haʻahaʻa loa i mea e hoʻokuke aku ai i ka makū a i ʻole nā mea haumia a pau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻopili isostatic. I ka wā o ka sintering ʻelua, aia ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana ma kahi o 70-90% o ka helu heheʻe o ka alloy. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mahana ma laila no kekahi mau hola a i ʻole nā lā i hiki i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ke kūlike, hoʻopaʻa a hui pū. ʻO ka pae hope loa o ka sintering ʻo ia ka wā e hoʻomaha mālie ʻia ai ka mea ma nā hoʻonui wela.
Hoʻopili i ka mea
Ma hope o ke kaʻina hana hoʻomehana hiki mai ke kaʻina o ka annealing. ʻO kēia ka wā e hana ai ka mea sintered i kahi ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ke kaʻina hoʻoluʻu i mea e hoʻolei ai i kekahi a i ʻole nā koena koʻikoʻi i waiho ʻia i loko o ka mea a e hoʻoikaika ai.
Hoʻopau Magnet
Aia nā mākēneki sintered ma luna aʻe nei i kekahi pae a i ʻole ka pae o ka mīkini, mai ka wili ʻana iā lākou maʻemaʻe a kūlike a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma waho o nā magnet block. ʻO ka mea hana i ka magnet he paʻakikī loa a he palupalu (Rockwell C 57 a 61). No laila pono kēia mea i nā huila daimana no nā kaʻina hana ʻoki, hoʻohana ʻia lākou no nā huila abrasive no nā kaʻina wili. Hiki ke hana ʻia ke kaʻina o ka ʻoki ʻana me ka pololei loa a hoʻopau maʻamau i ka pono o ke kaʻina wili. Pono e hana pono ʻia nā kaʻina hana i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka māhā.
Aia kekahi mau hihia i kūpono loa ke ʻano o ka mana magnet hope i ka hana ʻana me kahi huila wili daimana e like me ka berena berena. ʻO ka hopena o ke ʻano hope e lawe ʻia ma mua o ka huila wili a hāʻawi ka huila wili i nā ana pololei a pololei. ʻO ka huahana annealed kokoke loa i ke ʻano i hoʻopau ʻia a me nā ana i makemake ʻia e hana ʻia. ʻO ke ʻano ʻupena kokoke ka inoa i hāʻawi pinepine ʻia i kēia ʻano. ʻO ke kaʻina hana machining hope loa e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea keu a hāʻawi i kahi ʻili maʻemaʻe loa inā pono. ʻO ka hope loa i mea e sila ai i ka ʻili i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi mea pale.
Ke Kaʻina Hana Magnetizing
Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, pono ka magnet i ka hoʻouka ʻana i mea e hana ai i waho. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia, hoʻohana ʻia ka solenoid. ʻO ka solenoid he puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻokomo i nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole me nā mea hoʻopaʻa i hana ʻia kahi solenoid e hāʻawi i nā ʻano like ʻole a i ʻole nā hoʻolālā. . Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i nā koi o ke kahua magnetizing, he mea nui loa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jul-05-2022